Push forces include civil war, environmental degradation, unemployment, religious/ethnic persecution. Pull forces include better economic opportunity, health services, religious freedoms and political freedom. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is the average number of children born per woman. For the population to remain the same, the TFR must be 2.1 because the 2 kids will replace the parents when they die. If the TFR is greater than 2.1, then the population rises. If the TFR is less than 2.1, then the population decreases. The world TFR is 2.42, it was 2.54 two years ago and 2.47 last year. The United States TFR is 2.01, it was previously 2.06 last year. The population in America keeps rising because of immigration, even though their TFR is lower than 2.1. Nigeria is the highest nation with a TFR of 6.89, they are a developing country. Japan is the lowest with a TFR of 1.40, most of their population is old and can't have kids.

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